Door latch mechanism



April 19, 1966 c. A. BEHRENS DOOR LATCH MECHANISM 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Dec. 7, 1961 iNmEIJ 2 2 .w 1 r y ,w m 2; M M /v Aw w m 0 M J -WN April 19, 1966 C. A. BEHRENS DOOR LATCH MECHANI SM Original Filed Dec '7, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 l I 22 9 21a /JO April 19, 1966 c. A. BEHRENS 3,246,922

DOOR LATCH MECHANISM Original Filed Dec. 7, 1961 I 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR.

United States Patent 3,246,922 DOOR LATCH MECHANISM Charles A. Behrens, Sterling, Ill., assignor to National Manufacturing Co., Sterling, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Continuation of application 'Ser. No. 157,716, Dec. 7, 1961. This application Apr. 13, 1964, Ser. No. 360,476 Claims. (Cl. 292-128) This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 157,716, filed Dec. 7, 1961, now abandoned.

This invention relates to a door latch mechanism, and has to do more particularly with a novel latch of the type in which the latching member can be released from engagement with the strike by either a rotary, or a push or pull movement of one or the other of two latch handles located respectively on opposite sides of the door. It also has to do with a novel keeper for a door latch mechanism.

Latches have long been known wherein the latch dog is released from the strike by rotary movement of the latching member about its longitudinal axis, which normally extends perpendicularly to the door. Latches also are known wherein the latch dog is released by pushing or pulling respectively on one or the other of two latch handles, which usually extend laterally from the latching member and are located on opposite sides of the door, to rock the member about an axis transversely of it longitudinal axis, which is normally parallel to the door. This type of latch is commonly used on storm and screen doors. However, many persons are accustomed to using a rotary latch and when using a latch of the push-pull type, usually try to turn the latch handle to release the latch. Accordingly latches have been developed wherein the latch is operable to release the dog upon either rotary movement of the latching lever about its longitudinal axis or by rocking movement about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the latching member. The latches of the-last above-mentioned type are relatively complicated in structure and are relatively expensive to manufacture and assemble. Moreover, where the latch is released by rotary movement of the latch member, a substantial angular movement is required to clear the dog from the strike bar.

In accordance with the present invention, the latching member is supported in the door by a simple bearing means selectively for either rotary movement about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the latching member, or for combined rotary movement about the axis of the member and tilting movement relative thereto.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved door latch mechanism.

Another object is to provide a door latch wherein a latching member is supported for either rocking movement about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the member or combined rotary and tilting movement relatively to the axis of the member.

Still another object is to provide a door latch mechanism wherein a latching member is mounted for rocking movement about an axis parallel to the door and which passes through the latching face of a latching dog on the member and in the direction of any force tending to open the door whereby the latch can be released only by manipulating it in the intended manner and cannot be released by shaking the door.

Another object is to provide a door latch mechanism of the type wherein a latching lever is supported for either rocking movement about an axis perpendicular to the lever or combined rotary and tilting movement about the axis of the member and a novel lock is provided for preventing both such movements of the lever.

A further object is to provide a novel latch mechanism of the character described which has a relatively small 3,246,922 Patented Apr. 19, 1966 number of parts which can be readily and inexpensively manufactured and assembled.

Another object is to provide a novel tamper-proof latch mechanism of the character described which when secured in position on a door and the door closed and locked can gnly be unlocked and/ or removed from the inside of the oor.

A further object is to provide a latch of the character described wherein novel means are provided for yieldably opposing movement of the latching member out of latchmg position.

Another object is to provide a door latch wherein the latching member is so mounted that it can be released either by a push or pull manipulation of one or the other of two handles respectively or by a rotary manipulation of either handle which both rotates and tilts the locking dog out of engagement with the strike bar.

A further object is to provide a door latch having an inside handle provided with means for protecting the thumb, and particularly the thumb-nail of the user from contact with the strike when the inside handle is grasped and manipulated to open or close the door.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the appended drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is an elevational view of the latch mechanism from the inside of the door, with the strike shown in phantom;

FIG. 2 is a horizontal, sectional View taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a View similar to FIG. 2 only showing the latching member in a position rocked 'to disengage the member from the strike;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 only showing the lever rotated and tilted to disengage the latch from the strike; a

FIG. 5 is a vertical, sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a vertical, sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a vertical, sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a vertical, sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is an exploded, perspective view of certain of the latch elements;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged, sectional view taken along the line 10-10 of FIG. 5; and

FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along the line 11-11 of FIG. 5.

The latch mechanism of the present invention is provided for holding a door or other closure member in closed position against a door jamb or other member with which the closure member cooperates. Latch mechanisms of the type to which the invention relates are commonly used in connection with screen or storm doors, but the invention is not limited to such use.

Referring to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 2 the door 1 is suitably mounted for opening and closing movement and preferably is hinged at the edge opposite the edge carrying the latch hereinafter described. The free edge of the door is adapted to abut against a shoulder 2 formed in the door jarnb or frame 3 in the usual manner. A strike 4, hereinafter described in detail, is attached to the door jamb 3 as by screws (not shown) and has a strike bar in position to be engaged by a latching member 5 carried by the door as hereinafter described in more detail.

The latchinug member 5 extends through and is supported by a mounting bracket 6 (sometimes called an inside casing) secured against the inner face of the door. The mounting bracket 6 (see FIGS. 5 and 11) is 3 formed with a face wall 16, with end walls 17, 18 and side walls 19, 2t upstanding therefrom. Preferably formed integrally with the end walls 17, 18- are bosses 21 having bores 21a therethrough.

An escutcheon 7 is provided which is secured against the outer face of the door opposite the mounting bracket 6 and through which the member 5 extends. The escutcheon 7 has a pair of bosses 22 upstanding therefrom and formed with threaded blind sockets 10.

The mounting bracket 6 and the escutcheon 7 are secured in the positons shown (see FIG. 5) against opposite faces of the door with the bosses 22 of the escutcheon 7 entering bores 9 extending through the door. Securing screws 8 extend through the bores 21a and 9 and are threaded into the blind sockets 16. It will be seen that by reason of the afore-described manner of securing the latch to the door, the structure cannot be dismantled from the outside of the door when the door is closed and latched, and the latch is locked in latched position by a lock hereinafter described.

The latching member 5 has a straight shaft portion 11 extending through a generally ovoidal opening 12 in the escutcheon 7, through a bore 13 in the door 1 and through an opening 14 in the bracket 6 which latter opening is generally ovoidal but has a straight edge portion 15 (FIGS. 3 and 7) for a purpose hereinafter explained.

A hearing support member (FIGS. 5 and 10) is provided which includes a cylindrical barrel portion 26 integral with an attaching flange 2.7 which is positioned on staking posts 28 upstanding from the inner face of the wall 16. The bearing support member 25 is staked to the mounting bracket 6 by the posts 28 with the outer face of the flange flush with the outer edges of the walls 17, 18, 19 and 20, and with the barrel portion 25 projecting therefrom and into the bore 13 (FIG. 5) in the door.

The barrel portion 26 is formed adjacent its free end with an internal, annular groove 3t) of semicircular cross section adapted to receive a bearing or pivot ring 31 which ring is retained in the groove by reason of the resilience of the ring. The ring is not closed but is split, with its ends apart sufliciently to permit assembly therewith of the latching member 5 and pivot pin 32, now to be described.

Carried by the latching member 5 is a hearing or pivot pin 32 which has a shank 33 disposed in a radially ex tending socket 34 formed in the shaft portion 11 of the latching member, which shank is freely rotatable in the socket 34 about the axis of the shank 33. The pivot pin 32 is formed with an enlarged head 35 having an outwardly opening, semicircular groove 36 in its outer end and adapted to receive the pivot ring 31.

It will be seen that upon angular movement of the latching member 5 in either direction about the longitudinal axis of the shaft portion 11 (elsewhere herein referred to as rotary movement), the pivot pin 32 rides around the pivot ring 31, and thus the pivot pin 32 and pivot ring 31 form a bearing supporting the latching member for such rotary movement.

While the latching member is supported for rotary movement about its longitudinal axis, means are provided which is active upon the application of a force in the member tending to rotate it to thereby cause the member to be moved out of its normal latching position (FIG. 2) and into a position (FIG. 4) wherein it is tilted relatively to its normal position, that is to say it extends with its axis at an acute angle relatively to the normal position. To the foregoing end the shaft portion 11 of the latching member is formed with a notched-out portion (FIG. 4) having a fiat 45 adapted when the latching member is in its normal position to abut against the straight edge 15 of the opening 13 in the mounting bracket 6. When the latching member 5 is rotated about the axis of the shaft portion 11, one or the other edges of the flat (depending upon the direction of rotation) bears against the edge 15 and causes a camming action which tilts the latching member out of its normal position and into its inclined or tilted position.

The bearing means constituted by the pivot ring 31 and the pivot pin 32 also supports the latching member for rocking movement out of its normal position about an axis passing through the center of the arc of the notch 36 in the pivot pin and transversely to the axis of the shaft portion 11 and into an unlatched position as shown in FIG. 3. Engagement of the flat portion 46 of shaft 11 with the edge 15 prevents rocking movement of the member in the opposite direction.

The latching member 5 is formed with operating handles 4t? and 41 which preferably are similar and extend generally perpendicularly to the shaft portion 11 at the inner and outer ends thereof respectively for the purpose of manipulating the lever as hereinafter explained. The member 5 is also formed with a latching dog 42 adjacent the juncture of the shaft portion 11 and the inner handle 41, the dog 42 having a latching surface 43 perpendicular to the axis of the shaft portion 11 and adapted to engage the strike bar of the strike 4. The latching member is provided with notch 44 to insure that the strike bar 90 will seat behind the surface 43. The dog 42 is provided with an inclined cam surface 46a for camming down the strike bar 90 as the dog rides into latching position as hereinafter explained.

The latching member 5 is formed adjacent the juncture between the inside handle 41 and the shaft portion 11 with a thumb guard 47 which projects laterally outwardly from that end of the handle which joins the shaft portion. The thumb guard is so formed and located that the end of the thumb of the user abuts against the surface 47:: thereof. Thus the end of the thumb and particularly the thumb-nail is protected against contact with the strike during the opening or closing movement of the door by manipulation of the inside handle. Accordingly there is no danger of breaking the finger nail or otherwise injuring the thumb.

The latching member 5 is normally maintained yieldably in its latching position (FIG. 2) by a leaf spring 50 which extends longitudinally of the inner casing 6 and is maintained in position by reason of its ends being seated respectively against ledges 51 (FIG. 6) upstanding from the inner face of the wall 16. The spring extends past the shaft portion 11 and through a groove 52 therein. The spring before insertion in the inner casing is bowed in a direction toward the shaft portion 11, so that when it is in position as seen in FIG. 6, it is under stress and, therefore, is maintained in firm engagement with the adjacent portion of the latching member. The spring serves to maintain the latching member in its normal latching position (as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2) and to thus yieldably resist both the rotary and rocking movement of the latching member. The leaf spring 50 is supported for slid ing movement relative to the ledges 51, so that it is free to adjust to the movements of the handle. The end portions of the spring 50 are formed with upturned edges which prevent the edges of the spring from biting into the supporting ledges. Thus there is no interference with the sliding movement of the spring ends on the ledges as the spring is flexed. The spring also maintains the flat 46 in engagement with the edge 15 so that upon rotary movement of the latching member about the axis of the shaft portion 11, one or the other edge of the flat is maintained in engagement with the edge 15, and thus causes a camming action which rocks the latching member out of its position wherein the shaft portion 11 is perpendicular to the bracket 6. In this connection the pivot pin being rotatable in its socket permits the rocking movement of the latching lever to take place without any binding.

It will be seen that upon either a rotary or a rocking movement of the latching lever out of the latching position the grooved section of the shaft portion 11 is moved in a direction to how the spring outwardly and thus increase the stress therein to thereby increase the force of the spring on the lever tending to urge the latter into latching position It will be noted that the latching member is supported for its several movements solely by the bearing means constituted by the ring 31 and the pivot pin 32, whereby all of such movements can take place readily. The latching member is maintained in its normal, latching position by the spring and the restricting action of the openings in the mounting member and escutcheon respectively. Movement out of such position is yieldably opposed by the spring and is limited by the openings.

The present invention provides means accessible only from the inside of the door for locking the latching member in latching position and preventing displacement from such position and consequent release of the latch from the strike.

To the foregoing end, a lock bar or slide 60 (FIG. 8) takes the form of a flat plate having a body portion 61, a locking extension 62, a spring-engaging lug 63 and an operating handle 64. The lock side 60 is slidably disposed in the bottom of the inner casing 6 and is guided for movement between latched and unl'atched positions by the movement of the locking extension 62 in a groove formed between a boss 65 upstanding from the floor of the inner casing 6 and the opposite side wall 19. The lock side 60 is releasably held in either of its two positions by a lock spring 65 of generally hairpin shape with one leg 66 abutting the casing wall 20, and the other leg 67 free and formed with an indent adapted to engage the lug 63. The lock bar 60 and the spring 65 are retained in position by a lock cover 70 (FIG. 7) which overlies these elements and is taked in the casing.

The arrangement of the lock bar 60 is such that when it is retracted the locking projection 62 is withdrawn out of the space between the shaft portion 11 and the adjacent wall 19, so that the shaft portion 11 isfree to move in rocking or tilting direction in the openings 13 in accordance with the notch imparted to the latching lever. On the other hand, when the lock bar 60 is moved into its locking position, the locking extension 62 is positioned between the shaft portion 11 and the wall 19, the di mensions being suchthat the fiat 46 of shaft portion 11 is held against the edge 15. This action is in the nature of a wedging action which prevents any rocking movement of the shaft portion 11 in the opening 14. Since any rotary movement of the latching member necessarily causes a tilting move-ment thereof such rotary movement also is prevented when the lock bar is in locking position. The lock operating handle 64 (FIG. 1) projects from the mounting member 5 and through an opening 64m in the wall 16 and is accessible on the inner side of the door for operating the lock.

In the general operation of the latch of the present invention, the latching member 5 is normally positioned with the axis of its shaft portion 11 perpendicular to the mounting bracket 6 and to the door, the latching member being maintained in position yieldably by the leaf spring 50. In this position, the handle portions 40 and 41 of the latching member '5 extend perpendicularly to the major axis of the mounting bracket 6 particularly in FIG. 1 of the drawings. In the latched position the latching dog 42 in position to engage the strike bar 90 when the door is moved to closed position. Upon the closing movement of the door, the cam surface 46a of the latching dog 42 engages and depresses the strike bar 90 to permit the latching dog to pass to its latching position behind the strike bar 90 after which the latter is urged into its latching position in which the face 43 of the dog 42 engages the strike bar 90.

It will be seen from FIG. 1, for example, that the axis about which the latching member rocks when the handle 40 is pushed or the handle 41 is pulled extends through the center line of the groove 36 in the pivot pin 32 and that a line intersecting such line and passing perpendicular to the door passes directly through the center of the latching face 43 of the latching member 5. Thus any force on the door tending to move the door out of closed position is parallel to the aforesaid perpendicular line and such force thereby is active to retain the latch ing dog 42 in engagement with the strike bar and the door cannot be opened until the latching member is actuated to release it from the strike bar 90.

The latch may be disengaged by either one or the other of two different actions or by a combination of both. i

In the first action, the. latch is disengaged by either pulling on the handle 40 or pushing on the handle 41 to rock the latching member about a line extending through the center of the notch 36 in the pivot pin 32 and parallel to the door. The disengaged position of the latching member is shown particularly in FIG. 3 wherein it will be seen that the latching member is in a position wherein the latching dog 42 is disposed outwardly away from and disengaged from the strike bar 90.

In the second mode of opening the door, either of the handles 40 or 41 is actuated to rotate the latching memher about the axis of the shaft portion 11. This causes one or the other edges of the fiat 46 (depending upon the direction of rotation of the shaft portion 11) to bear against the flat 15 of the bracket and elfect a camming action whereby the latching member is titled along with its rotational movement and is moved into the position shown in FIG. 4 wherein the dog 42 is disposed outwardly away from and tilted relatively to the strike bar 90 and thus is disengaged therefrom.

When the manual force on the latching member which tends to move it out of its normal position is released, the leaf spring 50 returns the latching member to its normal position perpendicular to the door (FIG. 2) whereby when the door is in closed position the latching member engages the strike, and when the door is in open position the latch is positioned to engage the strike when the door is moved into closed position.

The combined rotary and tilting action effected when the latching member 5 is rotated moves the locking dog out of engagement with the strike bar with less movement of the member than would be the case if the member were only rotated about its axis and not both rotated and simultaneously tilted. In other words, the same angular extent of rotary movement of the member will move the dog further away from the strike bar where the tilting movement is present than where there is only rotary movement about the axis of the member.

While the latch of the present invention is intended to be released either by rocking the latching member about an axis generally perpendicular thereto (which axis is normally parallel to the door), or by rotating it about the axis of the member (which is normally perpendicular to the door), which action causes the member to tilt relatively to such longitudinal axis it will be understood that the handle may simultaneously be manipulated to simultaneously rock and rotate the member which action also will of course disengage the latch and release the door.

I claim:

1. A latch for securing a door to a surrounding door frame, comprising:

a strike bar adapted to be secured to said frame adjacent one edge of said door,

a mounting bracket adapted for attachment to said door and having an opening therethrough, a latching member having a laterally extending latching surface for locking engagement with said strike,

said latching member having a shaft portion extending normally to said latching surface through said opening,

means supporting said latching member on said mounting bracket for rotary movement about an axis generally perpendicular to said mounting bracket or for rocking movement about a second axis generally parallel to said mounting bracket or both such movements,

said rocking movement being sufficient to rock said latching surface out of engagement with said strike bar,

means operative upon said rotary movement of said latching member for rocking said latching surface out of engagement with said strike bar, and a spring mounted on said bracket for engagement by said latching member for yieldably resisting movement of said latching member.

2. A door latch comprising:

a mounting bracket adapted for attachment to a door,

said bracket having means defining an opening therethrough,

a latching member having a shaft portion extending through said opening; and movable laterally in said opening between a latching position in engagement with one side edge of said opening and a non-latching position in engagement with the opposite side edge of said opening,

means supporting said latching member on said mounting bracket for rotary movement about an axis generally perpendicular to said mounting bracket or for rocking movement about a second axis generally parallel to said mounting bracket or both such movements,

means operative upon said rotary movement of said latching member for rocking said latching member from said latching position in engagement with said one side edge of said opening to said non-latching position in engagement with said opposite side edge of said opening, and a spring operatively mounted between said bracket and said latching member for yieldably resisting movement of said latching member to said non-latching position.

3. A door latch comprising a mounting bracket adapted for attachment to a door and having an opening therethrough, a latching member having a shaft portion extending through said opening, means including a generally circular track element fixed in said opening for supporting said latching member on said mounting bracket for rotary movement about an axis generally perpendicular to said mounting bracket or for rocking movement about a second axis generally parallel to said mounting bracket or both such movements and camming means operative upon said rotary movement of said latching member for tilting said latching member relative to said track from a latching to a non-latching position.

4. A door latch comprising a mounting bracket adapted for attachment to a door and having an opening therethrough, a latching member having a shaft portion extending through said opening, means supporting said latching member on said mounting bracket for rotary movement about an axis generally perpendicular to said mounting bracket or for rocking movement about a second axis generally parallel to said mounting bracket or both such movements, means operative upon rotary movement of said latching member for tilting said latch ingmember relatively to both of said axes, and means including a single leaf spring carried by said mounting bracket extending past and perpendicular to said latching member in position to be engaged thereby for yieldably resisting movement of said latching member.

5. A door latch comprising a mounting bracket having an opening therethrough, a latching member having a shaft portion extending through said opening and handles at the ends of said shaft portion and positioned on opposite sides of said mounting bracket, means mounting said latching member in said mounting bracket for rotary movement about the longitudinal axis of said shaft portion and for rocking movement about an axis perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, said means'including an arcuate track element having a generally circular cross section fixed in said mounting bracket and a pivot element carried by said latching member and engaging said track element for travel therealong and rocking movement thereabout, said pivot element being supported in said latching member for turning movement'about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said latching member, and means including engageable camming elements on said latching member and on said mounting bracket for tilting said latching member relatively to both axes upon rotary movement of the latter about said longitudinal axis, and a leaf spring carried by said mounting bracket and extending past and perpendicular to said latching member in position to be engaged thereby for yieldably resisting movement of said latching member.

6. A door latch structure comprising a mounting bracket having an opening therethrough, an arcuate first bearing member supported in said mounting bracket, a latching member extending through said opening in said mounting bracket and said bearing member and having handles on its ends positioned on opposite sides of said mounting bracket, and a second bearing member carried by said latching member and projecting laterally therefrom for turning movement about an axis perpendicular to the major axis of said latching member projecting outwardly from said latching member slidably and rockably engaging said first bearing member for supporting said latching member relatively to said first bearing member for rotary movement about the axis of said latching member, and rocking movement about an axis perpendicular to said first axis but spaced therefrom and tilting movement relatively to both said axes, and a spring mounted between said bracket and said latching member for yieldably resisting movement of said latching member to said non-latching position.

7. A door latch according to claim 3 wherein said last means includes a straight surface on said mounting bracket extending across said opening and a straight surface on said latching member normally bearing against said first surface and having an edge positioned to bear against said first surface when said latching member is rotated about said longitudinal axis to rock said second surface away from said first surface. 7

8. A door latch comprising a mounting bracket having an opening therethrou-gh, a latching member having a shaft portion extending through said opening, a generally circular track element fixed in said opening and having a generally circular cross section, and a pivot element carried by and projecting laterally from said shaft portion and having an arcuate groove receiving said track element and supporting said latching element on said track element for travel of said pivot element therealong and rocking movement thereabout.

9. A door latch for use with a striker bar attached to a door comprising:

v(a) a mounting bracket having an opening therethrough; r

(b) a latching member having a shaft portion, which extends through said opening, and a latching dog, which is adapted to operatively engage said striker bar and maintain said latching member in latching position;

(0) track means supporting said latching member on said mounting bracket for rotary movement about the longitudinal axis of said shaft portion, and for rocking movement about a second axis transverse to said longitudinal axis, and for both such movements; and

(d) engagement means on said latching member and said mounting bracket responsive to rotary movement of said latching member about said longitudinal axis to rock said latching member about said second axis sufficiently far to disengage said latching dog from said striker bar whereby said latching member is then out of latching position.

10. A door latch comprising:

(a) a mounting bracket having an opening therethrough;

(b) a latching member having a shaft portion, which extends through said opening, and handles at the ends of said shaft portion positioned on opposite sides of said mounting bracket;

(0) an arcuate track element fixed in said mounting bracket;

(d) a pivot element mounted in said latching member for pivotal movement thereon about an axis substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of said shaft portion;

(e) said pivot element being moveably engaged with said track element and cooperable therewith to effect rotary movement of said latching member about said longitudinal axis when said pivot element moves arcuately along said track element, and to eifect rocking movement of said latching member about an axis normal to said longitudinal axis and passing through the cross-section that portion of said track element 5 engaged by said pivot element when the latter moves pivotally on said track element.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 

8. A DOOR LATCH COMPRISING A MOUNTING BRACKET HAVING AN OPENING THERETHROUGH, A LATCHING MEMBER HAVING A SHAFT PORTION EXTENDING THROUGH SAID OPENING, A GENERALLY CIRCULAR TRACK ELEMENT FIXED IN SAID OPENING AND HAVING A GENERALLY CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION, AND A PIVOT ELEMENT CARRIED BY AND PROJECTING LATERALLY FROM SAID SHAFT PORTION AND HAVING AN ARCUATE GROOVE RECEIVING SAID TRACK ELEMENT AND SUPPORTING SAID LATCHING ELEMENT ON SAID TRACK ELEMENT FOR TRAVEL OF SAID PIVOT ELEMENT THEREALONG AND ROCKING MOVEMENT THEREABOUT. 